Fuel injecting device for internal combustion engines



April 13, 1937. R. J. H. PLANIOL 2,077,259

FUEL INJECTING DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed May 19, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 7 m 2e 28 H r22 I H. Plan I r/av 2; [529.4 ltjvelv To "3' 34 I O 9 a 7 244;:

April 13, 1937.

R. J. H. PLANIOL 2,077,259

FUEL INJECTING DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed May 19, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ff. ifiV-P/am/ Patented Apr. 13, 1937 FUEL INJECTING DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Rene Jacques Henri Planiol, Paris, France, as-

signor of one-half to Joseph Schidlovsky,

Courbevoie, France Application May 19, 1932, Serial No. 612,352 In France May 22, 1931 2 Claims. (Cl. 123-90) This invention relates to the injection of fuel in internal combustion engines. It particularly concerns the means which, interposed between the source of fuel under pressure and the injec- 5 tors, allow to determine the point of injection and the quantity of fuel injected.

In multi-cylinder engines, it has been proposed to feed all the injectors from one and the same source of fuel under pressure and to interpose a 10 distributor between this source and each injector. The function of this distributor is to determine the moments at which the communication between the source of fuel and the injector is, either established, or interrupted. These dis- 5 tributors are kinematically connected to a. movable member, usually the driving shaft, so that it is possible to vary these moments at will. The mechanical means used heretofore for that purpose cannot easily be accurately adjusted, particularly in high speed multi-cylinder engines used on airplanes.

The present invention has for its object to simplify the control of the distributors and to allow the accurate adjustment of the latter.

25 For that purpose, it is mainly characterized by the fact that the means controlling the distributors are not kinematically connected with the engine and are electrically actuated from circuits closed and opened by means of contacts 30 or contact-breakers on which acts a member the movement of which is synchronized with that of the driving shaft.

Such as defined in its principle, the invention can be carried out according to'various forms 3 of construction which can differ from each other particularly by the nature of the electrically actuated control means.

The invention particularly concerns the new application of electromagnetic means to the con- 4 ,0 trol of the distributors.

In a form of construction which, for the mo- 7 ment, seems to be advantageous, the distributors are constituted by slide or rotary valves, or both sliding and rotary valves, attached to the 45 movable armatures of electrcmagnets energized under the control of contact-breakers actuated by cams arranged for instance on the driving shaft.

50 The accompanying drawings illustrate, by way of example only, various forms of carrying the invention into practice.

Figure 1 is an axial section of a distributor provided with a sliding valve and electromagneti- 55 cally controlled. I a

Figure 2 is a diagram of a modification of the electromagnetic control.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic section of a needle valve controlling a delivery channel leading to the injector.

Figures 4 to 6 are electric diagrams for carrying the invention into practice.

The fuel is, in the known manner, taken from a tank and compressed in an enclosure on which are provided discharge valves calibrated for maintaining the pressure constant.

Pipes connect this tank to each of the injectors to be fed, the communication between the pipes and the injectors being controlled by a distributor.

Figure 1 shows a form of construction, according to the invention, of one of these distributors.

In a body I, preferably arranged as near as possible to the injector 2 to be fed, is formed a bore 3 in which is fitted a cylindrical slide valve 4 restored by a spring 5. A member 6, made of magnetic metal, is provided at one end of the slide valve 4 and is arranged in the field of an electromagnet 1, constituting the movable arma ture of the latter. When this electromagnet is energized, the slide valve 4 is moved to the position shown in the drawings. As soon as energization ceases, the spring 5 acts for restoring the slide valve to its initial position. Both extreme positions of the slide valve can be determined by any suitable abutments.

In the body I are provided channels 8, 9, I opening in the bore 3 and communicating respectively with the injector 2, with a fuel supply pipe H extending from a pressure tank, and with a pipe l2 leading to the supply tank of the compressor.

Two ports l3 and I4 are provided in the slide valve and, according to the longitudinal position of the latter, cause: either conduits 8 and Ill to communicate together, the communication between conduits lll and I2 being cut 011, or conduits l0 and 12 to communicate together, the communication between conduits I0 and l I being cut off.

During the entire energization of the electromagnet 1, the fuel is delivered through the injector 2. As soon as this energization ceases, the communication is cut off and the injection suddenly ceases, when the conduits Ill and I2 are in communication.

For preventing the combustion gases from escaping through the conduit II, a check valve l can be provided on the delivery pipe leading to the injector.

The leakage of fuel, if it occurs, collects in the its initial'positlon.

Instead 01 directly controlling the admission or fuel to the injector, the slide valve can he so devised as to control, through suitably arranged ports, the communication between the conduits II and I2 otFig. 1 andthe connectingbranches 22 and 2| oi a fluid-tight casing 22 partitioned by a distortable diaphragm 22 which can be re placed by a piston. The diaphragm or piston 22 carries. a needle valve 24 controlling a delivery channel 22 leading to the injector 22. According as the pressure predominates on one or the other oi the faces of the diaphragm or piston 22, the

needle valve 24 closes or uncovers the inlet 01 tions of the slide valve respectively determine:

the communication between the chamber 21 of thecasing 22 andthepipe N (Fig. 1),whilstthe chamber 22 of the casing communicates with the pipe l2 (Fig. l); the communication between the chamber-28 oi the casing 22 andthe pipe ll, whilst the chamber 21 commimicates with the pine In the first case, 'injecflon takes place; in the second case, the injection is interrupted by application oi the needle valve 24 on its seat.

Various means for controlling the energization circuits oi the electromagnets controlling the distributors are atically illustrated in Figs. 4 to 6.

In the'example of Fig. 4, a cam 22 rigidly secured on a spindle kinematically connected to this shaft, acts upon a conducting or contactbreaking lever 20, the free end of which is movable between two contact pieces 2| and 22 so spaced apart'that the contact-breaker cannot simultaneously come in engagement with the said contact-pieces. When the contact-breaker is in engagement with the contact piece 22, a condenser22 is connected toasourceot current 24 which charges it. When the contact-breaker is in engagement with the contact piece 2|, the condenser 22 is arranged in the energimtion circuit of the electromagnet or electromagnets I controlling the distributor. Energization ot the electromagnet I ensures the beginning of the injection; the adjustment of this point is easily obtained by causing the unit 22, 2|, 22, mounted on a suitable. support, to rotate about the cam. The duration of the injection can be adjusted by variation of the charge tension of the condenser, the duration of the energization of the electromagnet or electromagnets varying with this tension. Obviously, several condensers can be provided, one energizing the electromagnet determining the beginning of the injection, the other energizing that terminating the injection, in the case of an arrangement such as that diagrammatically illustrated for instance in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates an arrangement oi this kind. Two cams 22 and 21 are rigidly secured on one and the same shaft connected to the shaft of the engine and act on contact-breakers 22 and 28*, respectively. The cams can have any proilie, as only the point oi engagement oi.

the contact-breakers is important. Condensers22and42arechargedbythesourceotcurrent4|andtheirdischargeintheelectromsgnst 'landelectromagnet'l'ensurestheopeningand clodngdtheslidevalvesuchasloi'l 'igalandi. 5

42and42areconnectedinseries with condensers 22and42, but theycanalsobe connected withtheelets-land'l' and. inparticulantheycaniormapartotthewindings oi these latter, thus allowing to reduce their 10- eness. The42and42areadaptedtoensuretheregulation within critical limits of operation v (it L=mean sell-induction coil 0! an electromagnet and R its total eflective resistance) so as to use an aperiodic discharge current. With- 20 out these resistances, the slide valve 4 can be caused to move two or more times instead of only once, according to the more or less important damping action of the oscillating discharge.

'Ihecondensers aredurlngthegreaterpartot 25 the time connected tothe source of current".

'Whenitis'desiredtobesintheiniectiomthecam 22causes22todischargeintheelectromagnet'l. this opening the slide valve 4 andleaving it open aslongasthecamflhasnotcausedtodischarge in 1-. For terminating the injection, u isdischargedinl bytheclosingcamfl. The adjustment of the point of injection is obtained by adjusting both contact breakers 22 and 22' relatively to the engine and the period of injection is adjusted by displacement oi the contact breaker 22 relatively to the contact breaker 22'.

Concerning multi-cylinder engines, as many pairsoi condcnserscanbeusedastherearecylinders', but a single condenser or each typecan also be employed for all the cylinders.

Inthiscasetheamngementissuchthata condenser discharges in the electromagnet controlling a definite slide valve only during an angular interval smaller than iinisthenumberoicylindersottheengine.

The ditic view of Fig. 6 shows an arrangement for an engine having three cylinders. 50 Thethreeelectromagnets 44,42and42which eachensurestheopeningoitheslidevalveoia definite cylinder are connected to the condenser 41 by contact pieces 42, 20 and 2| placed in the path followed by a wiper 22 which rotates togetherwith the driving shaft. Oneoi thepoles oi a-source of current 42 is connected to the condenser, the other pole being connected to three contact pieces 22, I2 and". Every time the wiper comes in engagement with one of the con- 60 tact pieces 22, 52, 54, the condenser 41 charges. The condenser discharges when it comes in engagem'ent with one oi the contact pieces 42, I2 and I The same arrangement is used for controlling 65 the three electromagnets which ensure the closing of the distributors. In this case, the wiper II is suitably displaced in rotation with respect to the wiper oi the arrangement relative to the electromagnets which control the opening or the 70 distributors but all the other elements are the same.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by letters Patent, is:-

1. In an electromagnetic device for feeding in- 75 jection engines with fuel, distributors controlling the injection of fuel in the combustion chambers, an electromagnet which acts upon excitation for opening the distributor, a second electromagnet which acts upon excitation for closing the distributor, a source of continuous current, two condensers arranged in shunt at the terminals of the said source of current, an exciting circuit for each electromagnet connected in series to each of the said condensers, a switch adapted to connect the exciting circuit of the first electromagnet with one of the condensers or inversely to connect the said condenser to the source of continuous current and a second switch for efiecting the aforesaid operations with the second electromagnet and the other condenser and the source, a cam for actuating each of the said switches and means for rotating the said cams in synchronism with the engine to be fed with fuel.

2. In an electromagnetic device for feeding injection engine with fuel, electromagnets, distributors controlling the injection of fuel in the combustion chambers controlled by the excitation of said electromagnets, at least one condenser in an electric circuit, a source 0! continuous current, at least one switch for connecting in series the said condenser alternately with the windings of the electromagnets and with the source of continuous current, a resistance connected in series with the circuit of each condenser and with the winding of the electromagnet for obtaining an aperiodic discharge and means for actuating the said switch in synchronism with the engine to be led with fuel.

RENE JACQUES HENRI PLANIOL. 

